Focused attention
At least one paper behind this review states what this option was measured against. That is not a ranking, and this option carries no evidence profile of its own.
- focused attentionContemplative Practice · 2 papers put it here
- Duration: Five to ten minutes per session, depending on the age of the pupils. - Posture: Sitting down on a cushion on the floor or in a chair with feet planted firmly on the ground and a straight back. - Object of attention: Physical sensation of the breath. - Instructions given: Start with slow, deep breaths; focus on the breath's natural rhythm; acknowledge mental distractions and return focus to the breath. - Sequence: Find a calm place, sit comfortably, close eyes, start meditation with audio guidance. - Duration per element: Initial slow, deep breaths; focus on breath's natural rhythm; acknowledging distractions and refocusing.
Doing what matters in times of stress: No-nonsense meditation and occupational well-being in COVID-19Participants sit on a chair with a backrest, eyes closed, and mentally count breath cycles from one to ten, restarting when necessary. They maintain attention on their breath despite distractions. Duration: 10 minutes.
Focused Attention Meditation as a Pre-Exercise Strategy for Reducing Anxiety in Speed SkatersFocus on a chosen object or event (e.g., breathing or a candle flame), maintaining focus to avoid mind wandering.
Focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation: effects on attention, conflict monitoring, and creativity – A reviewParticipants sat on meditation pillows with eyes closed, focusing on the sensations of breathing in and out of the nose. They were instructed to bring their attention back to the nose when concentration dwindled. Duration: 7 minutes, repeated twice.
Spontaneous eye movements during focused-attention mindfulness meditationParticipants focus on the physical sensation of the breath within a triangle area from the upper lip to nostrils, keeping eyes open. Instructions: Follow natural breath movements without changing them; gently bring attention back if it wanders.
Open monitoring meditation reduces the involvement of brain regions related to memory functionFocus on a specific object (e.g., breath).
Measuring a Journey without Goal: Meditation, Spirituality, and PhysiologyFocusing attention on a particular object and returning to it when the mind wanders. Examples include controlled breathing, body scan, and mental repetition of a word or mantra.
Mindfulness mediates the physiological markers of stress: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Practitioners sit still, focusing their entire attention on an object or bodily sensation. When distracted, they return their attention to the chosen focus. Posture likely involves sitting with eyes closed. Duration: 30 minutes before scanning; home practice: 1 hour per day, divided into three 20-minute sessions.
Distinct Neural Activity Associated with Focused-Attention Meditation and Loving-Kindness Meditation
Measured in duration — derived from the review's own dose_and_time prose.
- Minutes per session: 5 to 10 minutes (classroom), 20 minutes (at-home) - Sessions per day: 1 (classroom), optional at-home sessions - Total programme length: 6 months
Doing what matters in times of stress: No-nonsense meditation and occupational well-being in COVID-19- Programme length: 8-week Mindfulness-Oriented Meditation (MOM) training course - Minutes per session: 7 minutes per session for FAM and IMW tasks - Sessions per day or week: Conducted twice in different settings (CPL and SEP) - Total programme length: 7-month period with 16 recording sessions, each lasting about 2.5 hours
Spontaneous eye movements during focused-attention mindfulness meditation
Equipment is a property of the movement and is authored, never derived from the evidence corpus (docs/research/round2/ROUND2_KNOWN_CORRECTIONS.md §1). This option resolves to no catalogue exercise, so nothing has authored it yet.
Prior meditation practice and formal instruction from a teacher are prerequisites for performing the focused-attention mindfulness meditation technique. Participants should have experience with mindfulness meditation, such as having attended an 8-week Mindfulness-Oriented Meditation training course, and should be able to practice with eyes closed as instructed.
Spontaneous eye movements during focused-attention mindfulness meditationMay require some initial instruction or guidance to maintain focus on a specific object.
Mindfulness mediates the physiological markers of stress: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Initial ability to focus attention on a chosen object; no explicit prior meditation practice mentioned.
Attention regulation and monitoring in meditation
The practice was consistent in terms of duration and frequency throughout the study period, with sessions lasting between five to ten minutes, depending on the age of the pupils. There is no indication of progression or regression in terms of difficulty or length over time.
Doing what matters in times of stress: No-nonsense meditation and occupational well-being in COVID-19The practice is made easier over time as meditators gain more experience, with a negative relationship between meditation expertise and ocular activity indicating better control over mind-wandering. The regular practice of meditation sessions of consistent duration suggests a structured progression in their practice.
Spontaneous eye movements during focused-attention mindfulness meditation
The papers behind this option report nothing on contraindications, which is not the same as saying there are none.
- Equipment: Minimal (audio file for guidance) - Setting: Can be done anywhere (classroom, home, outdoors), but requires a calm and quiet space - Delivery: Guided audio
Doing what matters in times of stress: No-nonsense meditation and occupational well-being in COVID-19Minimal equipment (e.g., a candle or focus on breathing), can be done anywhere.
Focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation: effects on attention, conflict monitoring, and creativity – A reviewMinimal equipment (meditation pillow), can be done anywhere (home, outdoors, workplace), can be done individually or in a group, does not require a facility or specialist.
Spontaneous eye movements during focused-attention mindfulness meditation
- Open monitoring — a paper measured this option against it“Open Monitoring Meditation (OMM” · Masahiro Fujino, Yoshiyuki Ueda, H. Mizuhara, J. Saiki, M. Nomura (2018) · 10.1038/s41598-018-28274-4
- MBSR programme — a paper called these interchangeable“The paper compares MBSR to traditional long-term meditation practices” · R. Gotink, R. Meijboom, M. Vernooij, Marion Smits, M. M. Hunink (2016) · 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.07.001
- MBCT programme — a paper called these interchangeable“The paper does not explicitly state that MBCT is equivalent to” · R. Chambers, D. Stoliker, Otto Simonsson (2023) · 10.1007/s12671-023-02206-4
- Transcendental Meditation — a paper measured this option against it“transcendental meditation (TM” · Darrin J. Lee, E. Kulubya, P. Goldin, A. Goodarzi, F. Girgis (2018) · 10.3389/fnins.2018.00178
- MBSR programme — a paper measured this option against it“MBSR was compared against its abbreviated versions” · S. Kriakous, K. Elliott, Carolien Lamers, Robin Owen (2020) · 10.1007/s12671-020-01500-9
- Body scan — a paper measured this option against it
A paper measuring one option against another does not make the two interchangeable, and it does not say which to choose. These are listed as what the papers did, and nothing here proposes a substitution.