Resonance / coherent breathing
At least one paper behind this review states what this option was measured against. That is not a ranking, and this option carries no evidence profile of its own.
- acute stress / anxiety downregulationEmotional · 3 papers put it here (1 stated, 2 inferred)
- daily regulation practiceEmotional · 3 papers put it here (2 stated, 1 inferred)
- pre-sleep wind-downSleep · 1 paper put it here (inferred by the extraction, not stated in the paper)
- in-the-moment resetEmotional · 1 paper put it here (inferred by the extraction, not stated in the paper)
Performed with a breathing pace of 0.1 Hz, involving an inspiratory phase of 4 seconds and an expiratory phase of 5.6 seconds, with a 200 ms pause between phases. Participants were seated comfortably and instructed to breathe rhythmically and abdominally, inhaling and exhaling nasally. Duration: 5 minutes. Involves recruiting the pelvic floor during the entire inspiratory phase and releasing it at the start of expiration, with a mean intensity of 5-6 on the CR10 Borg scale. Performed with the same breathing pace as RB (0.1 Hz). Duration: 5 minutes.
Squeeze the beat: Enhancing cardiac vagal activity during resonance breathing via coherent pelvic floor recruitment- Technique: Resonance breathing - Breath rate: 6-6.5 breaths per minute - Posture: Not explicitly mentioned, but implied to be comfortable and relaxed - Sequence: Daily practice in the morning before breakfast or coffee - Duration: 20 minutes per session - Breath ratio: Not explicitly mentioned
Effect of Resonance Breathing on Heart Rate Variability and Cognitive Functions in Young Adults: A Randomised Controlled Study- Participants performed Resonance Frequency Breathing (RFB) with Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRV-BF) training at home using the 'eSense Pulse' mobile system. - Training was conducted in an upright sitting position using a smartphone app. - Participants practiced breathing at their individually determined resonance frequency. - Various breathing frequencies (6.5, 6.0, 5.5, 5.0, and 4.5 breaths per minute) were tested for 2 minutes each to determine the individual resonance frequency. - The individual resonance frequency was identified by the frequency that maximized the HRV parameter RMSSD. - Training was conducted for at least 100 minutes per week over a 4-week period.
Effect of 4 Weeks Resonance Frequency Breathing on Glucose Metabolism and Autonomic Tone in Healthy Adults- HRV BFB: Breathing at individually determined resonance frequency (RF) ranging from 4.4 to 7.4 breaths per minute using commercial HRV BFB equipment. - Control Condition (CON): Normal breathing for 10 minutes with gaze focused on a computer screen. - Posture: Sitting with dominant knee extended at approximately 180 degrees, non-dominant knee flexed at 90-120 degrees, and hip flexion at 90-120 degrees.
Effect of Acute Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on H-reflex Modulation: A Pilot Study- Experimental Group (RFB): Participants started with a breathing rate of 7.0 bpm and decreased by increments of 0.5 bpm every two minutes to a final rate of 4.5 bpm. They breathed at their individually determined resonance frequency for two periods of 5 minutes each. - Control Group: Participants breathed at their mean breathing rate, determined at baseline, for two periods of 5 minutes each, following a similar procedure to the RFB group but without manipulating HRV.
Effects of A Brief Resonance Frequency Breathing Exercise on Heart Rate Variability and Inhibitory Control in the Context of Generalised Anxiety Disorder
Measured in duration — derived from the review's own dose_and_time prose.
20 minutes per session, once a day, for four weeks
Effect of Resonance Breathing on Heart Rate Variability and Cognitive Functions in Young Adults: A Randomised Controlled Study- Total programme length: 4 weeks - Minimum dose per week: at least 100 minutes - Actual training time per week: 97±11 minutes
Effect of 4 Weeks Resonance Frequency Breathing on Glucose Metabolism and Autonomic Tone in Healthy Adults- Dose: 10 minutes per session - Frequency: 4.4 to 7.4 breaths per minute - Sessions: Three experimentation sessions separated by 48 hours - Total program length: Not specified
Effect of Acute Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on H-reflex Modulation: A Pilot Study- Dose: Resonance frequency breathing (RFB) training - Time per session: 5 minutes - Sessions per day: 2 sessions - Total programme length: Single session
Effects of A Brief Resonance Frequency Breathing Exercise on Heart Rate Variability and Inhibitory Control in the Context of Generalised Anxiety Disorder
Equipment is a property of the movement and is authored, never derived from the evidence corpus (docs/research/round2/ROUND2_KNOWN_CORRECTIONS.md §1). This option resolves to no catalogue exercise, so nothing has authored it yet.
R8's level field records who was eligible for the trial, not what a person needs before trying the practice, so it is not carried here.
The protocol involved a consistent 20 minutes of resonance breathing practice per day for four weeks, with a progression from supervised to unsupervised practice. There was no change in the duration or frequency of practice over time.
Effect of Resonance Breathing on Heart Rate Variability and Cognitive Functions in Young Adults: A Randomised Controlled StudyThe protocol involved a consistent 4-week intervention with at least 100 minutes of RFB-HRV-BF training per week, without any changes in lifestyle. There is no mention of progression or regression in the protocol over time.
Effect of 4 Weeks Resonance Frequency Breathing on Glucose Metabolism and Autonomic Tone in Healthy AdultsThe protocol involved three sessions: the first for measurements and RF identification, the second for randomized HRV BFB or normal breathing, and the third for crossover of these conditions. This design allows for within-subject comparison and progression in evaluating the effects of HRV BFB.
Effect of Acute Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on H-reflex Modulation: A Pilot StudyThe protocol did not progress or regress over time; it was a single session with no indication of increasing or decreasing difficulty. The focus was on whether a single session of RFB could improve HRV and inhibitory control.
Effects of A Brief Resonance Frequency Breathing Exercise on Heart Rate Variability and Inhibitory Control in the Context of Generalised Anxiety Disorder
- Contraindications: Individuals with physical disabilities, visual problems, major systemic or psychiatric illnesses, those on regular medication, smokers, alcohol consumers, users of stimulants or recreational drugs, and those with a BMI outside the range of 18-25 kg/m^2. - Cautions: Avoid hyperventilation during training; take shallow and natural breaths.
Effect of Resonance Breathing on Heart Rate Variability and Cognitive Functions in Young Adults: A Randomised Controlled Study- Contraindications: Acute or chronic medical illnesses, medications affecting glucose metabolism or heart rate, history of prediabetes, mental disorders, illicit drug abuse, BMI <18.5 or >27 kg/m². - Age limitations: Participants should be between 18 and 35 years old due to age-related effects on cardiovascular variability. - No specific adverse effects or cautions mentioned.
Effect of 4 Weeks Resonance Frequency Breathing on Glucose Metabolism and Autonomic Tone in Healthy Adults- Contraindications: Individuals with lower body injuries. - Cautions: Avoid strenuous physical activity and caffeine 24 hours prior to experimentation. - Safety measures: Written informed consent, adherence to ethical guidelines, and clearance from the University of Tasmania Human Research Ethics Committee.
Effect of Acute Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on H-reflex Modulation: A Pilot Study- Contraindications: Diagnosis of depressive disorder, psychosis, emotionally unstable personality disorder/borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder, hypertension, heart disease, other diseases affecting cardiovascular function, cognitive impairments, substance use, pacemaker installation, certain medications (psychotropic drugs, stimulants, recreational drugs, beta blockers, heart medication, bronchodilators, respiratory stimulants, pregabalin, antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications other than SSRIs, mood stabilizers, antipsychotic medication, and/or steroids). - Pregnancy or recent pregnancy (within the last 12 months), hormone replacement therapies, menopause or perimenopause symptoms, moderate obesity (BMI ≥ 30). - Visual impairments not corrected by glasses or contact lenses, lack of English proficiency, consuming more than 14 units of alcohol per week.
Effects of A Brief Resonance Frequency Breathing Exercise on Heart Rate Variability and Inhibitory Control in the Context of Generalised Anxiety Disorder
Facility or specialist (initial training and data collection in a lab setting), minimal or home (practice at home with an Android app)
Effect of Resonance Breathing on Heart Rate Variability and Cognitive Functions in Young Adults: A Randomised Controlled StudyMinimal, home setting - The study used a mobile system called "eSense Pulse" and a smartphone app for RFB-HRV-BF training, which was performed at home.
Effect of 4 Weeks Resonance Frequency Breathing on Glucose Metabolism and Autonomic Tone in Healthy AdultsFacility or specialist setting: The study was conducted at the Exercise Performance Laboratory of the University of Taipei using specialized equipment such as HRV BFB equipment, EMG systems, and electrical stimulators.
Effect of Acute Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on H-reflex Modulation: A Pilot StudyFacility or specialist (The study required specialized equipment such as a respiration belt and ECG sensors, and was conducted at academic institutions, indicating a need for a facility or specialist setting.)
Effects of A Brief Resonance Frequency Breathing Exercise on Heart Rate Variability and Inhibitory Control in the Context of Generalised Anxiety Disorder
- Box breathing — a paper measured this option against it“Box Breathing was compared against 6 bpm and Spontaneous Breathing” · Murat Kasap, Gökhan Recep Aydın (2025) · 10.1371/journal.pone.0336615
A paper measuring one option against another does not make the two interchangeable, and it does not say which to choose. These are listed as what the papers did, and nothing here proposes a substitution.