Wellness Routines
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Box breathing

Compared in the reviewR8 · 6 full-text papers, 2 abstract-only

At least one paper behind this review states what this option was measured against. That is not a ranking, and this option carries no evidence profile of its own.

Requirements it fills
  • acute stress / anxiety downregulation
    Emotional · 2 papers put it here (1 stated, 1 inferred)
  • daily regulation practice
    Emotional · 2 papers put it here (1 stated, 1 inferred)
  • pre-sleep wind-down
    Sleep · 1 paper put it here
How it is performed
  • Inhale (4 seconds) → hold (4 seconds) → exhale (4 seconds) → hold (4 seconds). Guided by audiovisual cues during a 60-second rest period following a 30-second exercise bout, repeated for a total of 15 minutes.

    Murat Kasap, Gökhan Recep Aydın (2025) · PLoS ONE · 10.1371/journal.pone.0336615
    Box breathing or six breaths per minute: Which strategy improves athletes post-HIIT cardiovascular recovery?
  • Deep inhalation through the nose for 4 seconds, hold for 4 seconds, slow exhalation through the mouth for 4 seconds, hold again for 4 seconds.

    Patrícia Szabó, Cecília Sik-Lanyi, R. Cserjési (2026) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · 10.1007/s10484-026-09781-x
    The Impact of Modifying 3D Environments: The Role of Presence in VR Breathing Exercises.
  • Equal duration of inhalations, breath retentions, and exhalations. Posture: Sit or lie down with eyes closed, focusing on forehead. Duration: 5 minutes. Breath ratio determined by CO2 tolerance test.

    Melis Yilmaz Balban, E. Neri, Manuela M. Kogon et al. (2023) · Cell Reports Medicine · 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100895
    Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal
Dose

Nothing states what this option's dose measures — no library step prescribes this option and its review states no dose unit.

Dose and time, as the papers state it
  • Four-part sequence with each part lasting four seconds.

    Patrícia Szabó, Cecília Sik-Lanyi, R. Cserjési (2026) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · 10.1007/s10484-026-09781-x
    The Impact of Modifying 3D Environments: The Role of Presence in VR Breathing Exercises.
Equipment

Equipment is a property of the movement and is authored, never derived from the evidence corpus (docs/research/round2/ROUND2_KNOWN_CORRECTIONS.md §1). This option resolves to no catalogue exercise, so nothing has authored it yet.

Level and prerequisites

R8's level field records who was eligible for the trial, not what a person needs before trying the practice, so it is not carried here.

Progression and regression

No row states how to make this option harder or easier.

Who should not do this

The papers behind this option report nothing on contraindications, which is not the same as saying there are none.

Setting, as the studies used it

No row describes the setting.

What the papers compared it with

A paper measuring one option against another does not make the two interchangeable, and it does not say which to choose. These are listed as what the papers did, and nothing here proposes a substitution.

Box breathing