Wellness Routines
← Routines
12 sources: 1 crossover trial, 6 meta-analyses, 4 randomised controlled trials, 1 systematic review
Environmental Wellness · 60 min slot · weekly

Weekly Outdoor Time

Regular unhurried time in forests, parks, or waterside (blue space) settings: Siah 2023 (meta-analysis) suggests forest bathing can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, and Barton 2010 (meta-analysis) reports green exercise improved mood and self-esteem. Choose a nearby park, trail, or waterside spot.

How often: 1–2 sessions/week · trial frequency reported by the sources of the review summary this routine was written from (3 of 12 sources named by SR29.4 state one) · planning default: weekly
When: any time · the sources state no time of day; the planner's slot is a default
The time slot is a planning choice: a swap can keep it.

The evidence applies to the practice, not to these particular steps — they are one way to carry it out.

  1. 1
    Green and Blue Space and Health
    Choose a nearby park, greenway, forest, or waterside setting
    Scaffold: app-designed step
    No option on this bench from any review

    No completed Round-2 review has named a practice for that an extraction row placed in it. That is a gap in the knowledge base, not in this step: the step’s own exercise stands, and there is nothing yet to swap it for.

  2. 2
    Spend Time in Forests and Parks
    60 min unhurried outing (e.g., park or forest visit / forest bathing)
    Scaffold: app-designed stepMeets the finding's dose
    No option on this bench from any review

    No completed Round-2 review has named a practice for that an extraction row placed in it. That is a gap in the knowledge base, not in this step: the step’s own exercise stands, and there is nothing yet to swap it for.

  3. 3
    Get Your Weekly Dose of Nature
    Count this outing toward your ~120 min/week nature dose
    Scaffold: app-designed stepMeets the finding's dose
    No option on this bench from any review

    No completed Round-2 review has named a practice for that an extraction row placed in it. That is a gap in the knowledge base, not in this step: the step’s own exercise stands, and there is nothing yet to swap it for.

Safety, and where each line comes from
2 reported by the review's sources3 product safeguard (app-authored)

Each line below says where it comes from. “Reported by the review’s sources” is the source’s own words about adverse events or contraindications. “Product safeguard” is written by this app, not by the research. “Source silent” means the studies behind this routine report nothing on that point, which is not the same as saying it carries no risk.

Who should modify or avoid this

  • Reported by the review's sourcesAbsolute contraindications for visual impairment, chronic mental illness, and history of epileptic or psychiatric disorders
    SR29.4 · canon row 4612, contraindications field · The Urban Built Environment, Walking and Mental Health Outcomes Among Older Adults: A Pilot Study · studied: - WHAT: Walking in two urban settings: "gray" (busy commercial street) and "green" (quiet residential area with gardens and trees). - HOW: Participants walked in small groups, following a leader, without eating, smoking, talking, or using…
  • Reported by the review's sourcesgeneral_adults. urban_residents. older_adults.
    SR29.4 · “walking in green urban districts raised happiness (Jenny Roe et al.…”
  • Product safeguard (app-authored)Trail safety, terrain and mobility; heat, ticks, and allergy season.
    From this routine’s block record, written by this app.

When to seek supervision or clearance

  • Product safeguard (app-authored)Environmental hazard on site (hazardous conditions): contact the local authority; persistent mood symptoms: see a mental-health professional
    From this routine’s block record, written by this app.
  • Product safeguard (app-authored)Signs of a medical emergency (chest pain or pressure, trouble breathing, fainting, sudden weakness or numbness) mean 911 or your local emergency services; thoughts of self-harm or suicide mean the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. This app does not diagnose, treat or give personalised medical advice.
How to do it

The evidence behind park and forest time covers outings of varying length and setting rather than one prescribed outing: forest bathing was associated with reduced depression (SMD -0.67) and anxiety (SMD -0.84) scores, and green exercise improved self-esteem (d=0.46) and mood (d=0.54), with stronger effects where water was present. A 60-minute weekly outing sits inside that observed range, but the reviews did not pin down the shortest outing that still works, so treat it as a reasonable point in the range and not a validated minimum. Samples are often small and short-term, and studies without control or randomization report more positive results, so the magnitudes deserve caution.

  • Nearby beats scenic. A city park, a greenway, an urban forest, or a stretch of waterside all work, and a spot 10 minutes away actually gets visited every week in a way a two-hour drive does not.
  • Go unhurried. A slow, sensory walk - noticing sound, light, smell, texture - is the format here; covering distance or pushing the pace is a different session.
  • Comfortable footwear and weather gear matter more than anything else you might bring. Check the terrain against your own mobility before committing to a trail, and take a flat, surfaced route if you are unsure of it.
  • In tick or allergy season, cover up, check yourself over afterward, and shift the outing to a mown park rather than tall grass when pollen is bad. Shorten or move it in extreme heat.
  • If the site itself is hazardous - washed-out trail, flooding, hazardous conditions - report it to the local authority that manages the land rather than working around it.
  • The outing counts toward your weekly nature total. A shorter visit still counts toward that total, but it is a lighter version of this outing, not an equal one.
A longer nature outing (e.g., a park or forest visit) at least weekly
The research observed benefit across this range but hasn't pinned down the minimum amount that still works. A shorter session may still help; it just isn't validated as enough on its own.
What the evidence says
The evidence is inherited from the practice this routine implements. Any duration is allowed; the label shows where you land against the studied dose.

Siah 2023 (meta-analysis of 36 studies) reports that its analysis suggested forest bathing can significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety (SMD of -0.67 and -0.84). Barton 2010 (meta-analysis) reports that green exercise improved self-esteem and mood. Wang 2026 (meta-analysis of 26 studies) reports green exercise improved older adults' mental health against indoor exercise, urban exercise and waitlist, and concludes that it may be an effective approach. Roe 2020 (randomised trial) suggests that urban green space offers promising opportunities for supporting older people's mental health. Brown 2014 (randomised trial) reports that the exercise environment did not seem to influence activity levels or health outcomes. Browning 2020 (systematic review) reports that experiments without control groups or randomisation reported more positive findings.

Key sources
meta-analysisEffects of natural sound exposure on health recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Ruirui Zhu, Liyun Yuan, Yanting Pan, Yefan Wang, Danping Xiu, Weiyi Liu (2024) · Science of the Total Environment · 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171052 · abstract only
meta-analysisWhat is the best dose of nature and green exercise for improving mental health? A multi-study analysis.J. Barton, J. Pretty (2010) · Environmental Science and Technology · 10.1021/es903183r · abstract only
crossover trialEvaluating the Benefits of Green Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Natural and Built Environments Assessed for their Restorative Properties.Luca Laezza, Martina Vacondio, A. Fornasiero et al. (2025) · Psychology of Sport And Exercise · 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102883 · abstract only
Each source is shown by its own study design.
12 sources: 1 crossover trial, 6 meta-analyses, 4 randomised controlled trials, 1 systematic review
Agreement
Direction recorded for 0 of 12 sources; not yet recorded for the rest.
The claim's outcome
Outcome not yet recorded
Certainty
No source states a certainty rating.
How the sources were read
Some sources are based on abstracts, not full texts.
What each source measured and concluded (12)
meta-analysis · 2024
Zhu et al. (2024) — Effects of natural sound exposure on health recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
What it measured
Health recovery (emotional, physiological, cognitive)
How it was read
based on the abstract, not the full text
What the review says it includes
Systematic review and meta-analysis
Studies and participants, as stated
N=15 studies; 1285 participants
meta-analysis · 2010
Barton et al. (2010) — What is the best dose of nature and green exercise for improving mental health? A multi-study analysis.
What it measured
Self-esteem and mood (mental health indicators)
How it was read
based on the abstract, not the full text
What the review says it includes
Multi-study analysis / meta-analysis
Studies and participants, as stated
10 UK studies; 1252 participants
crossover trial · 2025
Laezza et al. (2025) — Evaluating the Benefits of Green Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Natural and Built Environments Assessed for their Restorative Properties.
What it measured
Restorative effects: psychological outcomes (perceived restorativeness, restoration, emotions, enjoyment, intentions) and physiological measures (cortisol, heart rate, HRV) across natural, urban, indoor 1-hour walks
How it was read
based on the abstract, not the full text
randomised controlled trial · 2020
Roe et al. (2020) — The Urban Built Environment, Walking and Mental Health Outcomes Among Older Adults: A Pilot Study
What it measured
Cognitive reaction time and emotional well-being.
How it measured it
Deary-Liewald computer-based simple reaction time test (SRT) and mood scale.
How it was read
read in full text
randomised controlled trial · 2020
Choe et al. (2020) — Does a natural environment enhance the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)? Examining the mental health and wellbeing, and nature connectedness benefits
What it measured
Mental health and wellbeing outcomes.
How it was read
read in full text
randomised controlled trial · 2025
Harries et al. (2025) — Noticing nature: The role of environmental awareness in promoting well‐being
What it measured
State well-being.
How it measured it
Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (validated).
How it was read
read in full text
meta-analysis · 2026
Wang et al. (2026) — Effects of green exercise on mental health in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
What it measured
Mental health.
How it measured it
Profile of Mood States (POMS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12).
How it was read
read in full text
What the review says it includes
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 26 studies
Studies and participants, as stated
N=1,468 participants across 26 studies
Heterogeneity, as stated
Residual heterogeneity
Heterogeneity, as stated
Measurement heterogeneity
randomised controlled trial · 2014
Brown et al. (2014) — Walks4Work: assessing the role of the natural environment in a workplace physical activity intervention.
What it measured
Resting autonomic function (HR and lnHF).
How it measured it
HR monitors and eMotion sensor (objective).
How it was read
read in full text
meta-analysis · 2021
Yao et al. (2021) — Impact of Exposure to Natural and Built Environments on Positive and Negative Affect: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
What it measured
Positive and negative affect.
How it measured it
Positive and Negative Affective Schedule (PANAS) (self-report).
Its conclusion, in its own words
“The findings will help convince the health professionals and policymakers to encourage the residents to increase their time spent in the natural environment.”
How it was read
read in full text
What the review says it includes
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 studies
Heterogeneity, as stated
Extreme heterogeneity among studies
Heterogeneity, as stated
Low credibility of evidence due to high heterogeneity and inconsistent results
meta-analysis · 2023
Siah et al. (2023) — The effects of forest bathing on psychological well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
What it measured
Anxiety, Depression, Mood, Quality of Life.
How it measured it
Validated instruments such as Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Profile of Mood States, General Health Questionnaire.
Its conclusion, in its own words
“Our meta-analysis suggested that forest bathing can significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety.”
How it was read
read in full text
What the review says it includes
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 36 studies
Studies and participants, as stated
N=3554 participants across 36 studies
meta-analysis · 2024
Fan et al. (2024) — The effect of exposure to natural sounds on stress reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
What it measured
Stress reduction (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, MAP, perceived stress, SPO2)
How it was read
screened only, not extracted
systematic review · 2020
Browning et al. (2020) — The Role of Methodological Choices in the Effects of Experimental Exposure to Simulated Natural Landscapes on Human Health and Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review
What it measured
Human health and cognitive performance; methodological moderators of study findings
How it was read
screened only, not extracted
What the review says it includes
Systematic review (of experiments)
Studies and participants, as stated
175 experiments in 148 research articles
Weekly Outdoor Time