Weekly Outdoor Time
Regular unhurried time in forests, parks, or waterside (blue space) settings: Siah 2023 (meta-analysis) suggests forest bathing can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, and Barton 2010 (meta-analysis) reports green exercise improved mood and self-esteem. Choose a nearby park, trail, or waterside spot.
The evidence applies to the practice, not to these particular steps — they are one way to carry it out.
- 1Green and Blue Space and HealthChoose a nearby park, greenway, forest, or waterside settingScaffold: app-designed step
No option on this bench from any review
No completed Round-2 review has named a practice for that an extraction row placed in it. That is a gap in the knowledge base, not in this step: the step’s own exercise stands, and there is nothing yet to swap it for.
- 2Spend Time in Forests and Parks60 min unhurried outing (e.g., park or forest visit / forest bathing)Scaffold: app-designed stepMeets the finding's dose
No option on this bench from any review
No completed Round-2 review has named a practice for that an extraction row placed in it. That is a gap in the knowledge base, not in this step: the step’s own exercise stands, and there is nothing yet to swap it for.
- 3Get Your Weekly Dose of NatureCount this outing toward your ~120 min/week nature doseScaffold: app-designed stepMeets the finding's dose
No option on this bench from any review
No completed Round-2 review has named a practice for that an extraction row placed in it. That is a gap in the knowledge base, not in this step: the step’s own exercise stands, and there is nothing yet to swap it for.
Safety, and where each line comes from2 reported by the review's sources3 product safeguard (app-authored)
Each line below says where it comes from. “Reported by the review’s sources” is the source’s own words about adverse events or contraindications. “Product safeguard” is written by this app, not by the research. “Source silent” means the studies behind this routine report nothing on that point, which is not the same as saying it carries no risk.
Who should modify or avoid this
- Reported by the review's sourcesAbsolute contraindications for visual impairment, chronic mental illness, and history of epileptic or psychiatric disordersSR29.4 · canon row 4612, contraindications field · The Urban Built Environment, Walking and Mental Health Outcomes Among Older Adults: A Pilot Study · studied: - WHAT: Walking in two urban settings: "gray" (busy commercial street) and "green" (quiet residential area with gardens and trees). - HOW: Participants walked in small groups, following a leader, without eating, smoking, talking, or using…
- Reported by the review's sourcesgeneral_adults. urban_residents. older_adults.SR29.4 · “walking in green urban districts raised happiness (Jenny Roe et al.…”
- Product safeguard (app-authored)Trail safety, terrain and mobility; heat, ticks, and allergy season.From this routine’s block record, written by this app.
When to seek supervision or clearance
- Product safeguard (app-authored)Environmental hazard on site (hazardous conditions): contact the local authority; persistent mood symptoms: see a mental-health professionalFrom this routine’s block record, written by this app.
- Product safeguard (app-authored)Signs of a medical emergency (chest pain or pressure, trouble breathing, fainting, sudden weakness or numbness) mean 911 or your local emergency services; thoughts of self-harm or suicide mean the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. This app does not diagnose, treat or give personalised medical advice.
How to do it
The evidence behind park and forest time covers outings of varying length and setting rather than one prescribed outing: forest bathing was associated with reduced depression (SMD -0.67) and anxiety (SMD -0.84) scores, and green exercise improved self-esteem (d=0.46) and mood (d=0.54), with stronger effects where water was present. A 60-minute weekly outing sits inside that observed range, but the reviews did not pin down the shortest outing that still works, so treat it as a reasonable point in the range and not a validated minimum. Samples are often small and short-term, and studies without control or randomization report more positive results, so the magnitudes deserve caution.
- Nearby beats scenic. A city park, a greenway, an urban forest, or a stretch of waterside all work, and a spot 10 minutes away actually gets visited every week in a way a two-hour drive does not.
- Go unhurried. A slow, sensory walk - noticing sound, light, smell, texture - is the format here; covering distance or pushing the pace is a different session.
- Comfortable footwear and weather gear matter more than anything else you might bring. Check the terrain against your own mobility before committing to a trail, and take a flat, surfaced route if you are unsure of it.
- In tick or allergy season, cover up, check yourself over afterward, and shift the outing to a mown park rather than tall grass when pollen is bad. Shorten or move it in extreme heat.
- If the site itself is hazardous - washed-out trail, flooding, hazardous conditions - report it to the local authority that manages the land rather than working around it.
- The outing counts toward your weekly nature total. A shorter visit still counts toward that total, but it is a lighter version of this outing, not an equal one.
What the evidence says
Siah 2023 (meta-analysis of 36 studies) reports that its analysis suggested forest bathing can significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety (SMD of -0.67 and -0.84). Barton 2010 (meta-analysis) reports that green exercise improved self-esteem and mood. Wang 2026 (meta-analysis of 26 studies) reports green exercise improved older adults' mental health against indoor exercise, urban exercise and waitlist, and concludes that it may be an effective approach. Roe 2020 (randomised trial) suggests that urban green space offers promising opportunities for supporting older people's mental health. Brown 2014 (randomised trial) reports that the exercise environment did not seem to influence activity levels or health outcomes. Browning 2020 (systematic review) reports that experiments without control groups or randomisation reported more positive findings.
- Agreement
- Direction recorded for 0 of 12 sources; not yet recorded for the rest.
- The claim's outcome
- Outcome not yet recorded
- Certainty
- No source states a certainty rating.
- How the sources were read
- Some sources are based on abstracts, not full texts.
What each source measured and concluded (12)
- What it measured
- Health recovery (emotional, physiological, cognitive)
- How it was read
- based on the abstract, not the full text
- What the review says it includes
- Systematic review and meta-analysis
- Studies and participants, as stated
- N=15 studies; 1285 participants
- What it measured
- Self-esteem and mood (mental health indicators)
- How it was read
- based on the abstract, not the full text
- What the review says it includes
- Multi-study analysis / meta-analysis
- Studies and participants, as stated
- 10 UK studies; 1252 participants
- What it measured
- Restorative effects: psychological outcomes (perceived restorativeness, restoration, emotions, enjoyment, intentions) and physiological measures (cortisol, heart rate, HRV) across natural, urban, indoor 1-hour walks
- How it was read
- based on the abstract, not the full text
- What it measured
- Cognitive reaction time and emotional well-being.
- How it measured it
- Deary-Liewald computer-based simple reaction time test (SRT) and mood scale.
- How it was read
- read in full text
- What it measured
- Mental health and wellbeing outcomes.
- How it was read
- read in full text
- What it measured
- State well-being.
- How it measured it
- Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (validated).
- How it was read
- read in full text
- What it measured
- Mental health.
- How it measured it
- Profile of Mood States (POMS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12).
- How it was read
- read in full text
- What the review says it includes
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of 26 studies
- Studies and participants, as stated
- N=1,468 participants across 26 studies
- Heterogeneity, as stated
- Residual heterogeneity
- Heterogeneity, as stated
- Measurement heterogeneity
- What it measured
- Resting autonomic function (HR and lnHF).
- How it measured it
- HR monitors and eMotion sensor (objective).
- How it was read
- read in full text
- What it measured
- Positive and negative affect.
- How it measured it
- Positive and Negative Affective Schedule (PANAS) (self-report).
- Its conclusion, in its own words
- “The findings will help convince the health professionals and policymakers to encourage the residents to increase their time spent in the natural environment.”
- How it was read
- read in full text
- What the review says it includes
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 studies
- Heterogeneity, as stated
- Extreme heterogeneity among studies
- Heterogeneity, as stated
- Low credibility of evidence due to high heterogeneity and inconsistent results
- What it measured
- Anxiety, Depression, Mood, Quality of Life.
- How it measured it
- Validated instruments such as Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Profile of Mood States, General Health Questionnaire.
- Its conclusion, in its own words
- “Our meta-analysis suggested that forest bathing can significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety.”
- How it was read
- read in full text
- What the review says it includes
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of 36 studies
- Studies and participants, as stated
- N=3554 participants across 36 studies
- What it measured
- Stress reduction (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, MAP, perceived stress, SPO2)
- How it was read
- screened only, not extracted
- What it measured
- Human health and cognitive performance; methodological moderators of study findings
- How it was read
- screened only, not extracted
- What the review says it includes
- Systematic review (of experiments)
- Studies and participants, as stated
- 175 experiments in 148 research articles