Wellness Routines
Sleep

Sleep: the evidence base

891 studies reviewed for this focus area across Sleep Duration, Sleep Hygiene, Circadian Factors. The distinct papers are listed below; a paper reviewed under more than one topic appears once, with each lens noted. Blocks cite key sources from this pool.

Grade mix: A:487 · B:17 · C:146 · D:210 · ungraded:31
Evidence strength
504 of 891 studies reviewed at this grade floor · 489 distinct papers · showing first 100
AZhihui Wang, Ling-Zi Yao, M. Tu (2026) · Medicine · 10.1097/md.0000000000045225
AE. Pagkalidou, C. Papagiannopoulos, Maria Manou, P. Filis, R. Richmond, K. Tsilidis, G. Markozannes, C. Chalitsios (2026) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · 10.1016/j.smrv.2026.102235
APengqiang Du, Jiqian Li, Zixin Hua, Yiqi Sun, Siyang Song, Yin Liao, Sheng Cheng, Xingang Li (2026) · Public Health Reviews · 10.3389/phrs.2026.1609013
AJing Wang, Ismarulyusda Ishak, F. H. Mazri, C. S. Siau, Fengxue Xin, Xiaojuan Wang, A. F. Mat Ludin (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · 10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1716523
AYiwen Guo, J. Brenna, Tao Zhang, Ying Xu, Minjie Cao, Ming Chang, Ruijie Liu, Xingguo Wang (2026) · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 10.1080/10408398.2026.2654669
AA. Fink, Michele Kerulis (2026) · Brain Science · 10.3390/brainsci16020212
AL. Barrea, et al. (2026) · Current nutrition reports · 10.1007/s13668-026-00731-x
AHeming Wang, et al. (2026) · medRxiv · 10.64898/2026.03.02.26346498
AH. Varpaei, Lorraine B Robbins, Mathew Reeves, Pallav Deka, Fabrice Mowbray, S. Quan (2026) · Sleep Medicine · 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108834
AAmparo de Dios Tapia, María Rueda-Extremera, M. Cantero-García (2026) · Acta Psychologica · 10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106613
AJia-Ying Fu, et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports · 10.1038/s41598-026-56513-6
AJia Song, et al. (2026) · BMC Medicine · 10.1186/s12916-026-04682-6
AM. Sakata, et al. (2026) · medRxiv · 10.64898/2026.07.04.26357278
ASahana I. N (2026) · Journal of Nursing Science Practice, Research and Advancements · 10.46610/jnspra.2026.v08i02.004
AJ. Ruan, Xiang Qi, Jin Su, Weiyu Mao, Eunjung Ko, Bei Wu (2026) · Clinical Gerontologist · 10.1080/07317115.2026.2702620
APan Yan, Siyu Feng, Miaomiao Ma, Bo Li, Jie Liu (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1688561
ADu J, Tan Y (2026) · Frontiers in nutrition · 10.3389/fnut.2026.1687221
AA. Herrero Babiloni, L. Sangalli, Ian A. Boggero, Cassandra Goldfarb, Christopher D. King, G.J. Lavigne (2026) · Pain · 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000004004
AArman Arab, Elham Karimi, Kamryn T. Eddy, M. Garaulet, F. Scheer (2026) · Clinical Psychology Review · 10.1016/j.cpr.2026.102750
AMoh Ikhsan Hanafi BMed, et al. (2026) · Sleep Medicine Research · 10.17241/smr.2026.03426
AXinxin Wang, Jieyu Liu, Qingqing Shen, Ze Liang (2026) · Psychiatry Research · 10.1016/j.psychres.2026.116945
AYing Liu, Qijing Liu, Qian Fu, Boxiong Gao, Jiaying Xie, Chenying Ji, Yuhu Ma, Baoping Zhang, Yatao Liu (2026) · Sleep Medicine · 10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108897
AYi-Neng Shen, Zi-ling Cai, Rui-Ting Jia, Ai-song Zhu (2025) · International Journal of Cardiology: Heart & Vasculature · 10.1016/j.ijcha.2025.101811
AKasra Pirahesh, Ali Zarrinnia, L. Nikniaz, Zeinab Nikniaz (2025) · Preventive medicine reports · 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102968
AZain Khan-Afridi, et al. (2025) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · 10.1136/bjsports-2024-109604
AWei Wang, Sing‐Hang Cheung, Shu Fai Cheung, Rong-wei Sun, C. H. Hui, Houcheng Yin, D. Ma, Esther Yuet, Ying Lau (2025) · Sleep · 10.1093/sleep/zsaf021
AAlireza Malektojari, et al. (2025) · International Journal of Preventive Medicine · 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_280_24
ALei Yang, Fang-Xiao Hu, Kun Wang, Zhi-Zheng Wang, Jie Yang (2025) · International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention · 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200387
AArambh Sanjay Shah, et al. (2025) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · 10.1177/15598276251346752
ASam Karsky, et al. (2025) · Innovation in aging · 10.1093/geroni/igaf122.3278
AZ. Ungvari, et al. (2025) · GeroScience · 10.1007/s11357-025-01593-x
AZ. Ungvari, et al. (2025) · GeroScience · 10.1007/s11357-025-01592-y
AJingya Zhang, Yongbo Lu, Ning Zhang, Wei Ning, Bin Zhu, Ying Mao (2025) · International Journal of Public Health · 10.3389/ijph.2025.1608535
ACun Li, S. Luo, Tian-wei Liang, D. Song, Jin-xiao Fu (2025) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1452006
AJ. Qi, Meiling Yang, Shanyuan Zhang, Chenchen He, X. Bao, B. He, Yao Lin, Jianfeng Chu, Keji Chen (2025) · Journal of general internal medicine · 10.1007/s11606-025-09398-6
AAnas Rahmad Hidayat, Harpeni Siswatibudi, R. Haryo, Nugroho Purwokusumo, Anas Rahmad (2025) · Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health · 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.05.11
AA. Kalkanis, Dierik Lenkens, P. Steiropoulos, D. Testelmans (2025) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102203Reviewed under Sleep Hygiene and Circadian Factors and Sleep Duration
AAllison E. Nickel, Candice Lage, Abbye Porro, Chenlu Gao, Dayna A. Johnson, Lauren Hale, Michael K. Scullin (2025) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102135
ASarah Flora, Adam P. Knowlden, Stephanie Slaven (2025) · American Journal of Health Education · 10.1080/19325037.2025.2529798
ATadros M, Newby JM, Li S, Werner-Seidler A (2025) · PloS one · 10.1371/journal.pone.0317125
AVijandran A Mariappan, Firdaus Mukhtar (2025) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · 10.1002/jclp.23781
AShih-Yu Chang, Yi-Chih Lee, Hsiao-Ying Hung, Chia-Te Chen, Ching-Ju Fang, Yen-Chin Chen (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · 10.1111/scs.70118
AS. Bilgoe, S. den Hollander, C. Janse van Rensburg, S. Hendricks, G. Kerkhoffs, Vincent Gouttebarge (2025) · South African Journal of Sports Medicine · 10.17159/2078-516x/2025/v37i1a18811
AG. Lima, et al. (2025) · Chronobiology International · 10.1080/07420528.2025.2577859
AAnshum Patel, Joseph Cheung (2025) · Nutrix Journal · 10.1186/s12937-025-01095-8
AAlexandru Ungurianu, V. Marina (2025) · Clinics and Practice · 10.3390/clinpract15110199
AAngela Maria Costa de Souza, D. Fernandes, Isabella Silva Castro, Fernanda Gaspar Gróla, A. Ribeiro (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1539849
AChristian Sanchez Corredera, Pranav Tadepalli, Julian Scaccia, Adiraj S Sibia, H. Mayrovitz (2025) · Cureus · 10.7759/cureus.77738
ANsabimana Mick, L. Savadogo, N. Théodore (2025) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · 10.1186/s12872-025-05345-9
AI. Austin-Zimmerman, et al. (2025) · medRxiv · 10.1101/2025.05.19.25327902
AXin He, Bei Pan, Ning Ma, Dan Li, Weize Kong, Qian Liu, Xiaowei Liu, Xiaoman Wang, Xiyuan Deng, Kehu Yang (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1640263
AR. Noordam, et al. (2025) · Atherosclerosis · 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2025.120603
AAiste Steponenaite, et al. (2025) · medRxiv · 10.1101/2025.03.17.25324086
AI. Leite, V. Kakazu, Lucca Andrade Teixeira de Carvalho, Sérgio Tufik, G. Pires (2025) · Clocks & Sleep · 10.3390/clockssleep7040069
AJ. Ruan, Qi Liu, Ka-Fai Chung, K. Ho, W. Yeung (2025) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102109
ASamiul A. Mostafa, W. Hanif, Francesca L. Crowe, George Balanos, K. Nirantharakumar, Jason G Ellis, A. Tahrani (2025) · Diabetes & vascular disease research · 10.1177/14791641241307367
ASamyuktha Iyer, V. Monk, R. Slater, L. Baxter (2025) · Journal of clinical pharmacology · 10.1002/jcph.70115Reviewed under Sleep Hygiene and Circadian Factors
AHee-Jin Moon, Se-Na Yu, M. Hur (2025) · Women's health nursing · 10.4069/whn.2025.09.07
AYangxi Huang, Yongyang Yan, J. Kwok, Pui Hing Chau, M. Ho, Siobhán O’Connor, Jung Jae Lee (2025) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · 10.1111/jocn.17858
AJihyun Hwang, Ga Eun Lee, J. Woo, Sung Min Kim, Ji-Yean Kwon (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · 10.1038/s41746-025-01514-4
APhuong Hong Le, Long Khanh-Dao Le, Dai Quy Le, S. Rajaratnam, Cathy Mihalopoulos (2025) · Applied Health Economics and Health Policy · 10.1007/s40258-025-00997-2
AAbouzar Nazari, A. Mirzakhani, G. Garmaroudi, M. Amani (2025) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry · 10.18502/ijps.v20i4.19689
AFaizul Hasan, C. J. Gordon, Lia Taurussia Yuliana, Debby Syahru Romadlon, H. Chiu (2025) · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing · 10.1111/wvn.70075
AVishnuvarthini Visvanathan, Wendy Pollock, Yasmin Zisin, S. Willey (2025) · Birth · 10.1111/birt.12902
ASeohyun Ahn, W. S. W. K. Zaman, Sim Kuan Goh, C. Chan (2025) · Journal of Health Psychology · 10.1177/13591053251365446
AJ. Ruan, X. Qi, Jin Su, Weiyu Mao, Eunjung Ko, Bei Wu (2025) · Innovation in aging · 10.1093/geroni/igaf122.3798
ALaura Pilar de Paz-Montón, José Alberto Laredo-Aguilera, J. Carmona-Torres (2025) · Healthcare · 10.3390/healthcare13091078
AYawei Yu, Huifeng Wang, Wei Li, Hong Guo, Yiping Chen (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · 10.3389/fneur.2025.1655192
AArman Arab, Ioannis G. Lempesis, M. Garaulet, F. Scheer (2025) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102071
AXiaoyan Zhao, Li Zhang, Xinyue Zhang, Jing Guo, R. Guan, Yuanjuan Cheng, Yong Jia (2025) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2025.105273
ADivya Joshi, et al. (2025) · Diabetes & metabolic syndrome · 10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103284
AS. Donzella, Benjamin Bryer, T. VoPham, Matthew D. Weaver, N. Watson, Charlie Zhong, Alpa V. Patel, Amanda I. Phipps (2025) · Sleep · 10.1093/sleep/zsaf059
ADa-In Park, Esther Wegener (2025) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · 10.1177/15578518251376624
ASaina Najaf Tomaraei, Mansoor Ahmed, Mohammad Nami (2025) · Chronobiology International · 10.1080/07420528.2025.2569695
AChenyao Zhao, Nuoyi Li, Wenqing Miao, Ying He, Yandan Lin (2025) · Scientific Reports · 10.1038/s41598-024-83789-3
AFateme Barforoush, Sara Ebrahimi, Maryam Abdar, Shabnam Khademi, Nava Morshedzadeh (2025) · Food Science & Nutrition · 10.1002/fsn3.70923
AHongyi Liu, et al. (2025) · Annals of Medicine · 10.1080/07853890.2024.2447422
AYuqing Zhao, Haizhen Chen, T. Åkerstedt, Zefan Zhang, Shuai Wang, Xiao Tan (2025) · INPLASY (protocol registration) · 10.37766/inplasy2025.1.0013
AKaruppasamy Govindasamy, et al. (2025) · International Journal of Yoga · 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_17_25
AS. Donzella, et al. (2025) · Sleep · 10.1093/sleep/zsaf090.0334
AFangxiang Mao, Sanne J. W. Hoepel, M. Shahisavandi, A. Luik, Hanan E.I. Marroun (2025) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102189
ASanta Maria Pangaribuan, Tzu-Ying Wu, Risa Herlianita, Y. Jao, Hsin-Chien Lee, Faizul Hasan, M. A. Mukminin, H. Chiu (2025) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · 10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102091
ALijuan Gao, Juan Gao (2025) · International Journal of Depression and Anxiety · 10.23937/2643-4059/1710043
AAslah Nabilah Abdull Sukor, N. Juliana, Nazefah Abdul Hamid, N. Teng, Muslimah Ithnin, S. Azmani, S. Kasim (2025) · Biomedicines · 10.3390/biomedicines13102539
ALijuan Gao, Juan Gao (2025) · International Journal of Education and Humanities · 10.54097/69ymgj60
AShichan Wang, Xiaoting Zheng, Jingxuan Huang, Jiyong Liu, Chunyu Li, Huifang Shang (2024) · Journal of Neurology · 10.1007/s00415-024-12380-7
AChao Yang, et al. (2024) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101965
ALange MG, Neophytou C, Cappuccio FP, Barber TM, Johnson S, Chen YF (2024) · Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.06.008
AJunwei Tian, Jianzeng Zhang, Lu Ding, Xin Qi (2024) · Calcified Tissue International · 10.1007/s00223-024-01319-9
AVaibhav Vats, et al. (2024) · Irish Journal of Medical Science · 10.1007/s11845-024-03669-7
AJ. H. Koh, B. S. Yeo, Timothy Wei En Tan, M. See, A. Ng, S.R.-H. Loh, Joshua J Gooley, C. Tan, S. Toh (2024) · Clinical Kidney Journal · 10.1093/ckj/sfae177
AKaveh Hosseini, et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · 10.1371/journal.pone.0307120
AUnknown authors (2024) · Historia medicinae · 10.48047/hm.10.2.2024.1771-1780
AA. Matas, Nuno Pinto, Bebiana Conde, Maria Vaz Patto (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · 10.3390/jcm13061622
AKenta Hirohama, Takeshi Imura, Tomonari Hori, Naoki Deguchi, T. Mitsutake, Ryo Tanaka (2024) · PLoS ONE · 10.1371/journal.pone.0301616
ARomy Slebe, et al. (2024) · Diabetes, obesity and metabolism · 10.1111/dom.16104
AO. Ahmed, Amir T Ibrahiam, Zahraa m Al-Qassab, Vaishnavi Kannan, Najeeb Ullah, Sunitha Geddada, Sondos T Nassar (2024) · Cureus · 10.7759/cureus.71316
AYingqi Shao, Yao Li, Nan Wang, Yan Xue, Tongyue Wang, Fengxi Qiu, Yi Lu, Danmei Lan, Hengjing Wu (2024) · Journal of Sleep Research · 10.1111/jsr.14144
AHiu Liu, Ashley A Eso, N. Cook, H. O'Neill, L. Albarqouni (2024) · JAMA Network Open · 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.42163
AJiawei Zhou, Xia Li, Ting Zhang, Ziyan Liu, Peng Li, Na Yu, Wei Wang (2024) · EClinicalMedicine · 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102719
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